Resolved question:
Hello,
My 35 months old daughter have an unexplained weight loss. She lost over 14% of her weight since last august, going down from 13.9 Kg to 11.7 Kg. Her height hasn't increased during those 6 month and it stopped at 97 cm. The appetite is normal (No food refusal) and she, even, seems in constant demand of food.
She has also moderate anemia (10.5 g/100ml Hemoglobin, 30.9 Hematocrit and 3.70 million cells/mcL).
Her growth chart is in sawtooth shape. She already lost weight a few times in the past and she gained it back after a month or two under the same diet. This time was the longest and the problem does persist. We ran a parasitology test and it was negative. We also checked for coeliac disease and did duodeno-jejunal biopsies with no villous atrophy result, just some, non specific, moderate, inflammation signs.
We also did an echography last november and everything was normal except that the left kidney showed a moderate Hydronephrosis with no pain or other symptoms We did a test for urine reflux and it was negative. We tested for hypertension and it was normal. The urea and creatinine were a little bit over the upper reference value. The test for urinary infections was negative. The echography didn't show signs of Urolithiasis.
I don't know if it has to do with the cachexia or renal problem or not but we over supplement, by mistake, our daughter for Vitamin D. We knew that after the echography since we run blood tests for vitamin D and it was over 150 ng/mL. After the end of supplementation it dropped of to 70 ng/mL in three weeks. The urea and creatine were back to normal range just a week after the end of supplementation. The urinary level of Oxalate was high when tested.
I should mention that the supplementation didn't start until the 27th November 2014 and the weight loss started since august 2014. It seems that Vitamin A and D were always on the low side in the blood tests we ran before the start of the weight loss.
For the first two years of my daughter's life, she struggled with almost constant diarrhea and it didn't stop until we gave her the boulardii probiotic and then she started to regain weight after on the losing-weight episodes (It could be a coincidence).
When she started to lose weigh in last august, her stools weren't normal. Quite pale, whitish and mushy, then it started to contain clearly visible undigested food of what she ate.
One last thing is that my daughter was diagnosed with autism at 22 months of age but I'm not sure that it's relevant to this problem.
Submitted:
4 Days
Category:
Pediatrician
Dear Parent,
I can understand your concerns. You have provided a lot of useful information.
Based on your detailed description of the course of events, it is clear that there is a problem with your daughter's growth. Based on subtle clues in your history, I am suspecting a few things:
1. History of a normal (or even increased) appetite with poor weight gain can point to a problem in absorbing the essential nutrients from the gut. This points to a 'MAL-ABSORPTIVE' state. Malabsorption is also suggested by the description of her stools as pale, whitish and mushy containing undigested food materials. Celiac disease is just one of the malabsorptive conditions.
You have already obtained a duodena-jejunal biopsy, which has shown mild inflammation. It is important, therefore, to get the following things done:
a. 24-hour fecal fat estimation
b. Malabsorption studies specific for proteins and carbohydrates
c. Colonoscopy or lower GI endoscopy and biopsy.
2. The other condition that can classically present with an increased appetite but poor weight gain is DIABETES MELLITUS. Hydronephrosis (mild) can be a subtle clue to presence of increased urine output in your child. Have you ever felt that her urine output is high or that she goes to the loo too frequently? This condition can also explain a few other things that your daughter is having. I would advise you to get
a. Fasting blood glucose levels
b. HbA1C - Glycated hemoglobin levels
c. Fasting Insulin and C-peptide levels
3. My sincere advice is to stop all multi-vitamin supplements. Sometimes even hypervitaminosis can present with weight loss, but usually these children have anorexia. Hypervitaminosis D could either be an innocent bystander or the cause of the problem. The timeline suggests that it is just a bystander, but we need to be sure. Hence, please stop all extraneous drugs.
4. In any such child ruling out tuberculosis and immunodeficiency (primary and acquired) is part of the protocol. So please get her tested for the same.
Please get back to me with the results of the above tests.
Hoping that your child gets well soon.
Regards
Dr. Saptharishi L G
Dear Doctor,
Thank you for your detailed answer. We really appreciate it. Let me add some comments about your points to shed more light on my daughter's condition :
1. We tested for total proteins in the blood and it was normal at 70 g/L. We also ran a Serum protein electrophoresis which showed, according to the lab reference range, a slight decrease in Albumine, an moderate increase in Alpha-1 and Alpha 2, a normal Beta-1, Beta-2 and Gamma values.
2. As for the Diabete, we tested for fasting blood glucose level and it was in the lower side of the reference range (0.75 g/l for a 0.75-1.1 range).
Indeed my daughter present high urine output but not always. Here is the history of this problem : Her urine output was normal. In 23 of november (Her weight was 12.7 kg at this point), we decided to follow a Casein and Gluten free diet for her to see if it improves her autism symptoms, the day after 24 of november, her urine output a lot higher than the day before the start of the diet. The urine output stayed high durine the diet and showed no sign of improvement. We recieved the results of an organic acid test we ran before the start of the diet and it showed among other things high oxalic acid level in her urine, so the lab advised us to give her Calcium Citrate. After 3 or 4 days the urine output was normal. I should mention that her new diet was rather poor in calcium. We had to stop the Calcium Citrate at the request of the doctor after the hydronephrosis problem and the Hypervitaminosis D (Although the calcium blood level was normal). The day after we stopped, the urine output was high again. I'm not sure if there is a correlation or not. Since another test of her urine oxalate showed an increased level after this episode, the doctor advised us to give her 1.5 L of water per day which we do currently.
3. We did stop supplementation after the hydronephroisis problem. I should mention her that we did check for Vitamin A and E blood levels after the Hypervitaminosis D and they were both in the deficiency range. I am not sure if it has to do with Vitamin D excess or not.
4. Is the tuberculosis test really necessary even if she had her BCG vaccine on schedule?
I have uploaded the organic acid test results done in last november as well as another complete nutrition lab test done in last june when she was 27 months old. Maybe it can help.
I will get back to you when we ran the other required tests.
Thank you Doctor for your kind help.
Dear Parent,
Thank you for providing the additional information. It has definitely helped me in understanding Sophia's situation better.
The organic acid test and the nutrition lab tests that you have attached is also very non-specific. If we check a hundred metabolites in a person, he or she is likely to have at least 8-9 abnormal values purely by chance. This is the problem with blind testing of every conceivable chemical in the body. As you yourself can appreciate, there are at least 20 odd chemicals that are out of range. What is their clinical implication? Is it by random chance or is it the cause of Sophie's problems? No one can be sure.
The right path in clinical medicine is always the most difficult one. One where diligent and a detailed history coupled with a thorough physical examination guides focused and specific testing.
Anyways let us wait for the test results. You are right. Tuberculosis is very uncommon in most of Europe and US and hence, testing for it may not be compulsory. But, in today's globalized world, there is always a small risk of contact. Moreover, BCG does not guarantee protection against tuberculosis. It only protects against severe forms of the infection.
I would strongly urge you to personally visit a pediatric gastroenterologist and start from scratch - review the history and physical examination. Planning of the investigations that I had suggested may be planned under his/her guidance. It is important to understand the limitations of an online consultation. However experienced and knowledgeable a physician may be, there is nothing like a personal history elicitation and through physical examination. Subtle visual and tactile clues are important in such cases.