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1.Early stage gum disease is called Gingivitis which means inflammation of the gingiva (gums) and may present with mild swelling and pain in gums which bleed during brushing of teeth etc.
It is due to deposition of calculuc ( a cement like mineralised material just below gum line), which doesn't get removed by regular brushing and will require professional scaling I.e cleaning by a dentist.
Usually this is a reversible problem in early stages and once in 6 month follow up for scaling should eliminate this issue.

2. Wisfom teeth erupt between 16 to 25 years. Removal of wisdom teeth(3rd molar) can vary from patient to patient. Most of the doctors prefer to extract when these are causing symptoms of pain and associated swelling of jaw etc.In some cases the dentist may suggest early extraction if he/she feels it is causing food deposition between your 2nd molar and 3rd molar area which may lead to cavities in that area which can often go unnoticed.
Most of the patients do so if any symptoms like jaw pain occur.

Regards.